出版社： 中国建筑工业出版社
出版日期： 2002-03-01
参考译文：
1 总则
1.0.1 为了适应建筑结构设计的需要，以符合安全适用、经济合理的要求，制定本规范。
1.0.2 本规范适用于建筑工程的结构设计。
1.0.3 本规范是根据《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》（GB 50068—2001）规定的原则制订的。
1.0.4 建筑结构设计中涉及的作用包括直接作用（荷载）和间接作用（如地基变形、混凝土收缩、焊接变形、温度变化或地震等引起的作用）。本规范仅对有关荷载作出规定。
1.0.5 本规范采用的设计基准期为 50 年。
1.0.6 建筑结构设计中涉及的作用或荷载，除按本规范执行外，尚应符合现行的其他国家标准的规定。
2 术语和符号
2.1 术语
2.1.1 永久荷载 permanent load
在结构使用期间，其值不随时间变化，或其变化与平均值相比可以忽略不计，或其变化是单调的并能趋于限值的荷载。
2.1.2 可变荷载 vaiable load
在结构使用期间，其值随时间变化，且其变化与平均值相比在可以忽略不计的荷载。
2.1.3 偶然荷载 accidental load
在结构使用期间不一定出现，一旦出现，其值很大且持续时间很短的荷载。
2.1.4 荷载代表值 reprsentative values of a load
设计中用以验算极限状态所采用的荷载量值，例如标准值、组合值、频遇值和准永久值。
2.1.5 设计基准期 design reference period
为确定可变荷载代表值而选用的时间参数。
2.1.6 标准值 characteristic value/nominal value
荷载的基本代表值，为design reference period内最大荷载统计分布的特征值（例如均值、众值、中值或某个分位值）。
2.1.7 组合值 combination value
对可变荷载，使组合后的荷载效应在design reference period内的超越概率，能与该荷载单独出现时的相应概率趋于一致的荷载值；或使组合后的结构具有统一规定的可靠指标的荷载值。
2.1.8 频遇值 frequent value
对可变荷载，在design reference period内，其超越的总时间为这规定的较小比率或超越频率为规定频率的荷载值。
2.1.9 准永久值 quasi-permanet value
对可变荷载，在design reference period内，其超越的总时间约为design reference period一半的荷载值。
2.1.10 荷载设计值 design value of a load
荷载代表值与荷载分项系数的乘积。
2.1.11 荷载效应 load effect
由荷载引起结构或结构构件的反应，例如内力，变形和裂缝等。
2.1.12 荷载组合 load combination
按极限状态设计时，为保证结构的可靠性而对同时出现的各种荷载设计值的规定。
2.1.13 基本组合 fundamental combination
承载能力极限状态计算时，永久作用和可变作用的组合。
2.1.14 偶然组合 accidental combination
承载能力极限状态计算时，永久作用，可变作用和一个偶然作用的组合。
2.1.15 标准组合 characteristic/nominal combination
正常使用极限状态计算时，采用标准值或组合值为荷载代表值的组合。
2.1.16 频遇组合 frequnt combinations
正常使用极限状态计算时，对可变荷载采用频遇值或永久值为荷载代表值的组合。
2.1.17 准永久组合 quasi-permanent combinations
正常使用极限状态计算时，对可变荷载采用准永久值为荷载代表值的组合。
2.1.18 等效均布荷载 equivalent uniform live load
结构设计时，楼面上下连续分布的实际荷载，一般采用均布荷载代替；等效均布荷载系指其要结构上所得的荷载效应能与实际的荷载效应保持一致的均布的均布荷载。
2.1.19 从属面积 tributary area
从属面积是在计算梁柱构件时采用，它是指所计算构件负荷的楼面面积，它应由楼板的零线划分，在实际应用中可作适当简化。
2.1.20 动力系数 dynamic coefficient
承受动力荷载的结构或构件，当按静力设计时采用的系数，其值为结构或构件的最大动力效应与相应静力效应的比值。
2.1.21 基本雪压 reference snow pressure
雪荷载的基准压力，一般按当地空旷平坦地面上积雪自重的观测数据，经概率统计得出50年一遇最大值确定。
2.1.22 基本风压 reference wind pressure
风荷载的基准压力，一般按当地空旷平坦地面上 10m 高度处 10min 平均的风速观测数据，经概率统计得出 50 年一遇最大值确定的风速，再考虑相应的空气密度，按公式（D.2.2－4）确定的风压。
2.1.23 地面粗糙度 terrain roughness
风在到达结构以前吹越过 2km 范围内的地面时，描述该地面上不规则障碍物分布状况的等级。
1. General
1.0.1 This Code is designed to meet demands in building structure design and requirements of secure application and economic feasibility.
1.0.2 This Code is applicable to the building structure design.
1.0.3 This Code has been made in accordance with principles stated in Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures (GB 50068-2001).
1.0.4 Effects involved with the building structure design include direct effect (combination of loads) and indirect effect (including subbase deformation, concrete shrinkage, welding deformations, temperature fluctuation or effects caused by earthquakes). In this Code, only provisions on combination of loads are stated.
1.0.5 The design reference period adopted in this Code is 50 years.
1.0.6 Effects or combination of loads involved with the building structure design shall be in accordance with this Code as well as other current national provisions.
2. Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Permanent load
During the utilization period of structures, the value of the combination of loads shall have no change with the passage of time or the variation is negligible compared with the average, or the variation is monotonous and tends to the limitation.
2.1.2 Variable load
During the utilization period of structures, the value of combination of loads shall be changed with the passage of time and the variation is negligible compared with the average.
2.1.3 Accidental load
During the utilization period of the structure, the combination of loads does not necessarily appear, but one it appears, the value is great but the duration is short.
2.1.4 Representative values of a load
The value of combination of loads adopted during the design for the checking of limiting state, such as characteristic value/nominal value, combination value, frequent value and quasi- permanent value.
2.1.5 Design reference period
The time parameter selected for deciding the representative value of the variable load.
2.1.6 Characteristic value/nominal value
The basic representative value of loads refers to the maximum characteristic value (such as typical value, mode, median or some place value) of statistical distribution of loads in the design reference period.
2.1.7 Combination value
The value of combination of loads that makes the load effect exceed probability during the design reference period and make the solitude appearance of the combination of loads has a unified value of combination of loads or make the structure have unified value of combination of loads with reliability index stated in the provision.
2.1.8 Frequent value
For variable load, during the design reference period, the exceeded total time is the minimum ratio or the exceeded frequency is the value of the combination of loads of the assigned frequency.
2.1.9 Quasi- permanent value
For variable load, during the design reference period, the exceeded total time is about half of the value of combination of loads in the design reference period.
2.1.10 Design value of a load
The arithmetic product of the representative values of a load and the partial load factor.
2.1.11 Load effect
Reaction of structures or structural elements caused by the combination of loads, such as internal force, distortion and crack.
2.1.12 Load combination
In the limit design, to guarantee the built-in reliability, provisions for all kinds of design values of a load have been made.
2.1.13 Fundamental combination
In the limit of bearing capacity state, the combination of permanent effect and variable effect.
2.1.14 Accidental combination
In the limit of bearing capacity state, the combination of permanent effect, variable effect and an accidental combination.
2.1.15 Characteristic/nominal combination
In the regular service limiting state, the characteristic value/nominal value or combination value adopted is the combination of representative values of a load.
2.1.16 Frequent combinations
In the regular service limiting state, the frequent value or permanent value is adopted in the variable load is the combination of representative values of a load.
2.1.17 Quasi- permanent combinations
In the regular service limiting state, the quasi- permanent value adopted by the variable load is the combination of the representative values of a load.
2.1.18 Equivalent uniform live load
During the structure design, the actual load of continuous distribution above or under the floor is always by substituted by the evenly distributed load. The equivalent uniform live load refers to the load effect received by the structure can keep in line with the evenly distributed load of the actual load effect.
2.1.19 Tributary area
The tributary area is adopted during the calculation of the beam column members. It refers to the floor space of the calculated member load. It shall be divided by the zero line of the floor slab. In the practical situation, it can be simplified.
2.1.20 Dynamic coefficient
Structures and members that receives dynamic load, when designed according to the static force, shall adopt the value that is the ratio of the maximum power effect of structures or members and relevant static force effect.
2.1.21 Reference snow pressure
The reference pressure of snow load shall be decided by the maximum value of the 50-year period calculated from the probability statistics according to the observation data from the deadweight of snow on the local open and equitable terrain.
2.1.22 Reference wind pressure
The reference pressure of wind load shall be decided by the maximum wind speed for a 50-year period calculated from the probability statistics according to the observation data of average speed in 10min at 10m on the local open and equitable terrain. Also, relevant air density shall be considered and the wind pressure shall be calculated according to the formula (D.2.2-4).
2.1.23 Terrain roughness
When the wind passes 2km range before reaching the structure, the class used to describe the distribution pattern of irregular barriers on the ground.
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